PROPAGANDA MEDIA
"Propaganda Media" is based upon "Psychological Operations Field Manual No.33-1" published in August 1979 by Department of the Army Headquarters in Washington DC; and "Psychological Operations (PSYOP) Media Subcourse PO-0816" by The Army Institute for Professional Development, published in 1983

PROPAGANDA MEDIA WAS KINDLY SENT TO US BY OUR ITALIAN FRIEND MARCO SABA

Propaganda Media are categorized by methods of dissemination: face-to-face (interpersonal), audiovisual, audio, and visual.
Face-to-face (interpersonal) communication is the most effective means of transmitting a persuasive message. It is employed in rallies, rumor campaigns, group discussions, lectures, show-and-tell demonstrations, social organizations, social activities, entertainment, and individual person-to-person contact, all providing a participating experience for the individual or group to recall later.
Audiovisual media such as television, electronic tape recordings, and sound motion pictures are the second most effective means of communication available to the psychological operator. Effectiveness is based on seeing and hearing the persuasive message. These media are an excellent means of transmitting persuasive messages and eliciting a high degree of recall.
Audio media (loudspeakers and radio) lend themselves to the transmission of brief, simple messages and to personalization by use of the human voice. They require little or no effort by the audience, and generally, they have more appeal than visual media. Also, the barrier of illiteracy may be more easily overcome with audio media than with visual media (printed material).
Visual media can transmit long, complex material. Animated or still cartoons may be used to convey themes to illiterate and preliterate target audiences. Visual media generally have the least amount of popular appeal.
Themes are reinforced and the target audience given broad coverage by using several media to deliver the same basic message. For example, radio and television can augment leaflets; face-to-face communication can support newspaper circulation.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MEDIA
Acceptability and credibility. A complete target analysis will indicate how acceptable and credible a particular medium is to the target audience.
Availability. The availability of media, the mechanical capability of message production, and the capability to deliver the message, as well as the ability of the audience to receive and understand it are important.
Timeliness. Production and dissemination lag for each medium must be considered. For example, a medium requiring a long production or dissemination time would not be suitable for a message exploiting a target of opportunity.
Quantity. The media selected should be mixed, one medium reinforcing the other, and delivered in sufficient volume to insure that the entire target is exposed to the message. Care, however, is required to prevent counterproductive over saturation of the target audience. This requires analysis of intensity and timing of propaganda dissemination.
Themes. The theme to be conveyed will have a bearing on the selection of the best media to transmit the message.
Suitability. The media selected must be suitable for the target. The language selected, vocabulary, and level are also important factors. For example, it would not be appropriate to use newspapers or other printed text to deliver a message to an illiterate audience. A professional journal might be the most suitable means of reaching a professional audience.

CATALOGING
Propaganda units should prepare catalogs of media material which applies to recurring themes and general audiences. These catalogs should include printed material, loudspeaker and videotapes, motion picture films, and specialty items available for psychological operations.

FACE-TO-FACE COMMUNICATION

Face-to-face communication ranges from two or more individuals in informal conversation to planned persuasion among groups. The credibility of the PSYOP messages delivered by face-to-face (interpersonal) communication is increased when the communicator is known and respected.

ADVANTAGES
Relationship. It employs an interpersonal relationship.
Audience selection. The audience can be deliberately selected and the appeal directed and tailored for it.
Assessment of impact. Feedback is immediate. The communicator can immediately assess the impact of his message and adjust his approach to obtain the desired response.
Limited support required. Limited technical and logistical support are required.
More credible. It can be more credible than other methods because the target audience can evaluate the source.
Presentation. Complex material can be presented in detail. Frequent repetition and slight variations can be readily used to influence the audience.
Expeditious. In some instances, particularly in primitive areas, it may be the most expeditious method of disseminating propaganda.

DISADVANTAGES
Limited use in tactical situations. Use is limited in general war due to the inaccessibility of the target individual or group. It has limited use in tactical combat since the psychological operator has little face-to-face communication with opposing forces until they are captured or defect.
Close control necessary. It must be controlled, especially at the lowest levels where each communicator has the responsibility to interpret policy and objectives. The control factor is best illustrated by trying to pass an oral message, one person at a time, throughout a group. By the time the message reaches the end of the group, it does not resemble the original message. Reinforcement by other media is necessary to eliminate this problem.
Limited by insecure areas. Security considerations limit the conduct of face-to-face communications. As the security situation improves and more areas are secure, area coverage can be extended.
Requires able communicators. It requires knowledgeable, orally persuasive individuals who can convince the target audience that the program and policies are irresistible and inevitable.
Normally require indigenous personnel. For effective communications, indigenous personnel are normally required.
Range of voice limited. The range of the human voice and the need for visual contact limit this method to relatively small audiences.

TELEVISION

Television, including video tape recording (VTR), is one of the most effective media for persuasion. It offers many advantages for propaganda operations, and its wide application in other fields contributes to its acceptance and use. It is appropriate for use in limited, general, and cold war and is particularly effective in FID (Foreign Internal Defense) and consolidation operations.
In places where television is not a common communication medium, receivers may be distributed to public facilities and selected individuals. A possible limitation in enemy countries, however, is that television receivers may be set to allow reception on only one or two channels under government control.
Television is an all encompassing-mass communication medium. Like radio, it makes use of the sense of hearing to convey an idea. Like printed material, it makes use of the sense of sight, adding the element of motion. And like the motion picture, it combines sight, sound, and motion. Television is immediate; in effect, it places the viewer in two locations simultaneously, creating the illusion of participating in a distant event.

ADVANTAGES
Speed. Television programs can reach large segments of the target audience rapidly. The transmission of events can be instantaneous.
Overcomes illiteracy. Illiteracy is not a barrier; an audience need not be able to read.
Unifies. Television brings people in widely separate locations closer together by exposing them visually to the same ideas and concepts.
Aural-visual. Television appeals to two senses, each reinforcing the other. This gives the viewer a sense of involvement.

DISADVANTAGES
Range. Geography and atmospheric conditions affect the strength and range of the signal. The signal may, however, be boosted with relay stations, airborne transmitters, or satellite relay to increase the transmission range. Airborne antenna relay domes extend the range of a central transmitter but at great expense.
Reception. Television sets are unevenly distributed throughout the world. Messages disseminated by television will normally be received only by those within an above-average income range and economic class in many areas of the world, particularly in developing nations. In some developing nations, however, group listening/viewing centers may be available, negating the link between income and access to television. The association should be carefully determined for each target country.
The fact that receivers in the target area may not be compatible with the transmission equipment is another disadvantage.
Power. Most television receivers require an outside source of electric power. Many areas of the world lack this power. The introduction of self-contained power packs partially eliminates this problem. If broadcasts are to be made from areas lacking power facilities, special generators and a fuel supply may be needed.
Vulnerability. Equipment and parts are fragile and extremely vulnerable to damage. Stations are easily identified and make excellent targets. Receivers are difficult to hide.
Program requirements. A substantial production staff and supporting equipment are required to produce daily programs. Each day's operation requires a large amount of film, video tape, and live programming to sustain a program schedule.
Maintenance. Maintenance is highly technical, requiring trained and skilled technicians and engineers; such people are difficult to find.
Personnel. Television is a complicated communication medium, demanding specialized personnel with a wide range of scarce skills.
Audience accessibility. Although TV is excellent in friendly or neutral areas, it will not reach audiences in hostile areas unless a means is found to enter sets in these areas. Incompatibility of receivers, extreme distortions caused by two transmitters on the same wavelength, jamming, and censorship limit the use of TV broadcasts to hostile areas.
Community viewing provides an opportunity to present TV programs which help the people identify with the sponsor (generally the established regime). If it is necessary to provide receivers, one technique is to place them initially in urban centers, extending them to rural areas as equipment and power become available; or vehicles equipped with power generators and TV sets may be moved into and out of areas as required.

VIDEO TAPE

Video tape, an offshoot of television, is an excellent means of recording and projecting messages. It can replay a scene from the camera immediately after it is recorded. The tape can be used in either portable or studio recording systems, being processed electronically as it moves through the video tape recorder.
Although most commercial tape is 5 centimeters (2 inches) wide, the US Army primarily uses 1.875-centimeter (3/4-inch) cassette tape. The scenes from each size tape can be readily dubbed on to the other.

ADVANTAGES
The results of the "take" can be seen immediately; if editing is necessary prior to release to the audience, it can be done electronically as the material is being produced. There is no time lag as with film which requires chemical processing.
The tape can be reused a number of times, erasing itself as it is run through the recorder, or it can be quickly erased on equipment made for that purpose and then reused.
Video tape is virtually indestructible and can be used in almost any environment in which humans live.
The tape can be placed on readily available video cassette players which feed directly into commercial television receivers. With special equipment, video-taped scenes can be projected onto large motion picture viewing screens. The requirement for special projection equipment is not unique, as special equipment is also required to project filmed scenes on television screens.
Video tape can instantaneously project scenes in black and white or color, with natural or dubbed sound, on open (public) or closed (limited audience) circuits.
With the use of video tape, scenes may be recorded for a permanent record or for future use.

DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages of video tape are those inherent in the television medium.

MOTION PICTURES

Motion pictures combine many aspects of face-to-face communication and television by creating a visual and aural impact on the target audience. Since US Army PSYOP units are not able to produce motion pictures, appropriate films may be selected from available sources; effects on the target audience must be carefully considered.
Four general types of motion pictures are adaptable for psychological operations:
Entertainment. These are standard commercial productions, including animated cartoons. Entertainment films developed specifically for propaganda purposes can be very effective as the themes may be woven into the plot of the movie. These films can be very effective in gaining attention for other propaganda.
Newsreels. In the developing nations, newsreels are still a major attraction. They are on the scene and show exactly what is happening or, with good editing, give that impression. By careful, skilled editing and arrangement of sequence, news events can be used as propaganda.
Documentary. This type of film-ostensibly an objective presentation of a scene, place, condition of life, or a social or political problem-is a prime means of propagandizing a target audience. This is done by careful selection and sequencing of scenes and events.
Training films. Themes can be hidden in the presentation. A number of US Government-produced films are available for use by the military psychological operator. They must, however, be selected with care, as many exploit particular situations and viewpoints in a biased manner.

ADVANTAGES
Themes and objectives may be dramatized to create realism. The dramatic quality tends to cause the viewer to identify with the characters being portrayed. Thus, skillful application of production and editing techniques, such as having a central character act the behavioral patterns desired, can be very effective. The tendency to identify with the actors aids in developing a high degree of audience involvement in the propaganda appeal.
Motion pictures gain attention, especially among illiterate groups, as illiteracy is not a barrier to understanding and use.
Most children and a high percentage of adults accept without question presumably factual information presented in films.
Sight, sound, and color reinforced by moving images elicit a high degree of interest and recall.
The motion picture is a universal communications medium, combining audiovisual features, mass distribution, and ease of presentation.
Complicated events or complex ideas can be thoroughly explained. Cartoons and other special effects can be particularly effective.
Scenes can be rehearsed and perfected prior to filming.
Newsreels that show events known to the target audience enhance the credibility of the entire PSYOP program.
Motion pictures can be rerun.

DISADVANTAGES
The production of high-quality motion pictures is extremely expensive and requires skilled technical production personnel.
Relatively lengthy motion picture production time makes it difficult to capitalize on targets of opportunity.
Films are rapidly outdated by events, clothing, vehicles, equipment, location, or dialogue.
Viewing by target audiences may be restricted because of security considerations, local regulations, or equipment capabilities.
Diverse language differences are a major problem; these can, however, be partially overcome by use of subtitles.
Projection equipment requires electric power which may not always be available.
Film is fragile and extremely susceptible to changes in temperature and other climatic conditions.

LOUDSPEAKERS

Microphones and sound amplifying equipment transmit messages up to a distance of 800 meters. In a civilian setting loudspeakers are used to communicate with assembled groups and in localized street broadcasting. They effectively extend the range of face-to-face communications.
Loudspeakers are the most responsive medium that can be used to support tactical operations. Unsophisticated loudspeaker messages can be developed on the spot and delivered live in fast-moving situations. Propaganda loudspeaker broadcasts are usually prerecorded to insure accuracy. Occasionally, standard tapes are developed, mass produced, and distributed from the theater or national level.

ADVANTAGES
Targets of opportunity can be exploited.
Persuasive messages can be transmitted to the target as the situation changes.
Loudspeakers can be an extension of face-to-face communication.
The operator can pinpoint his target.
The target audience can be illiterate.
The loudspeaker can be used to undermine enemy morale.
Operators can be easily and readily trained.
PSYOP personnel can move to and operate anywhere a potential target audience is located.
Large, powerful, fixed loudspeakers can broadcast messages considerable distances into enemy territory.
Loudspeakers may be mounted on either wheeled or tracked vehicles.
Loudspeaker systems can be mounted in either fixed or rotary-wing aircraft. This broadens the areas accessible for loudspeaker operations. Since both types of aircraft must operate at low altitudes for the message to be understood on the ground, the sophistication and intensity of the enemy air defense are prime considerations.
Small portable loudspeaker systems may be backpacked by dismounted troops.

DISADVANTAGES
Range is limited by humidity, wind, precipitation, vegetation, terrain, and manmade structures.
The enemy can readily take countermeasures; i.e., concentrate artillery or other weapons on loudspeaker personnel and equipment.
Messages may be forgotten and distorted with the passage of time.

PLANNING AND COORDINATION
Loudspeaker operations are conducted in coordination with and in support of tactical operations. The loudspeaker team leader must advise the commander of the supported unit as to the support the team can give. The team can then obtain essential operational information and coordinate security with the leader of the tactical unit.
For maximum results, loudspeaker messages in support of tactical operations must have shock effect. A tactical broadcast should be no longer than a few seconds, as prolonged broadcasting from a fixed position will draw indirect enemy fire. The message should be carefully prepared, so that each sentence constitutes a single, complete thought that will not be misunderstood. The key sentence should be short and repeated for emphasis.
The size of the target area, the character and loudness of competing sounds, the terrain, and climatic conditions (humidity, wind, temperature, etc.) affect reception of loudspeaker messages. Sound travels better at night in low temperature and humidity. In hilly or mountainous terrain, echoes may interfere with clear reception. Jungle and heavily vegetated areas absorb sound. Sounds projected over water or low-lying coastal plains travel great distances.
The announcer, generally indigenous to the operational area, must have idiomatic language fluency. Defectors may be used. They will know the current slang, topics of interest, and the problems of the enemy soldier. Their messages, however, must always be prerecorded and checked prior to being broadcast. The announcer must have
An intimate and detailed knowledge of the customs, folklore, and speech habits of the audience.
The ability to adapt script and presentation to the changing situation.
A vigorous, unemotional delivery.
An understanding of the military situation and its implications.
Broadcasting messages from aircraft is an effective way to reach an otherwise inaccessible audience. Some general considerations are:
The PSYOP unit is responsible for the pre-mission briefing of the air crew. This briefing covers target location, current intelligence, total time required over the target, the length of the message, and the number of repetitions desired.
The loudspeaker message should be no longer than 20 seconds so that the entire message is audible to the audience.
Rotary-wing aircraft use banks of speakers mounted either internally or externally on the aircraft. The most effective altitude for a hovering rotary-wing aircraft is between 900 and 1,200 meters (3,000 and 4,000 feet) above ground level (AGL). The banking or orbiting course is effective at altitudes from 600 to 900 meters (2,000-3,000 feet) AGL. The presence and capabilities of enemy ground fire will determine whether to use these patterns or whether to use aerial loudspeakers at all.
The US Air Force has primary responsibility for aerial loudspeaker operations from fixed-wing aircraft.
An adapter system has been developed that permits the connection of the airborne loudspeaker system with the intercommunications and radio system of the aircraft. This allows a signal received by the aircraft from a ground radio transmitter to be rebroadcast to the target audience. The use of this system permits a language-qualified speaker in a central location to support widely dispersed ground elements. The device can be connected to a tape recorder to record the message for future use.

RADIO

Radio broadcasts can be transmitted to local audiences, or across national boundaries, and behind enemy lines. Political boundaries or tactical situations may hinder radio broadcasts, but they are not complete barriers. Since radio can reach mass target audiences quickly, it is useful for all types of psychological operations. Where radio stations are not common and receivers rare or nonexistent, receivers may be airdropped or otherwise distributed to key communicators, public installations, and selected individuals. Public listener systems may also be set up.

ADVANTAGES
Speed. Radio programs can be quickly prepared for broadcast. This is important when attempting to capitalize on targets of opportunity.
Wide coverage. Radio programs can reach members of large and varied audiences simultaneously.
Ease of perception. It requires little or no effort to visualize the radio message. Illiteracy does not prevent the listener from forming his individual image as he listens.
Versatility. Radio is easily adaptable to drama, music, news, and other types of programs.
Emotional power. A skilled radio announcer can exert tremendous influence on the listener simply with pitch, resonance, inflection, or timing.
Availability of receivers. Where availability or ownership of receivers is common, listening to radio is a habit. Ownership of receivers has increased greatly with the invention of transistors.

DISADVANTAGES
Enemy restrictions. The target group may be subjected to severe censorship, thereby reducing the effectiveness of radio broadcasts. Some countries have only single channel radios with the frequency set to the government-owned station. In some areas central receivers are connected to household receivers to control listening.
Jamming. Jamming may prevent the target group from receiving radio broadcasts .
Technical. Signal may be made inaudible or distorted by fading or static due to unfavorable atmospheric conditions.
Lack of receivers. In certain areas, so few receivers are available that radio may not be an effective medium.
Fleeting impressions. Oral media do not have the permanency of written media. Messages may be quickly forgotten or distorted.

PROGRAMMING
Radio programming consists of planning the schedule, content, and production of programs during a stated period. Words, music, and sound effects are put together in various ways to produce the different kinds of programs. Some of the major types of radio programs are:
Straight news reports (without commentary).
Musical (popular, folk, classical).
Drama.
Speeches, talks, discussions.
Sports.
Interviews.
Special events; i.e., on-the-spot coverage of an election or the arrival of an important visitor, etc.
Religious.
Variety, a combination including music, skits, comedy, vaudeville, etc.
Announcements.

PRINCIPLES
Regularity. Regularity is an essential element of programming. The radio programmer must create habitual program patterns in order to build a regular audience. Content, style, and format should follow an established pattern.
Repetition. Repetition is necessary for oral learning; therefore, key themes, phrases, or slogans should be repeated.
Suitability. The radio program must suit the taste and needs of the audience. Program style and format should follow the patterns to which the audience is accustomed.
Exploitation of censorship. Discussion or presentation of banned books, plays, music, and political topics is readily received by the audience. The same is true for news withheld by censors. In breaking censorship, the psychological operator must be certain that the reason for censoring the items was political and not moral.
Voice. Having announcers with attractive voice features is essential to successful radio operations.
The emotional tone conveyed by the voice may influence the listener more than the logic of arguments.
Announcers whose accents are similar to those of unpopular groups should not be used.
Female voices are used to exploit nostalgia, sex frustration, or to attract female audiences. However, in some parts of the world, due to the status of women, female voices are resented.

CLASSIFICATION
Programs are classified according to content, intent, and origin:
Content. The most common and useful radio program classification is by content. News reporting, commentaries, announcements, educational or informative documentaries, music, interviews, discussions, religious programs, drama, and women's programs are the most common examples.
Intent. Classification by "intent" is useful in planning to obtain a desired response with a particular broadcast(s).
Programs are produced to induce such emotional reactions as confidence, hope, fear, nostalgia, frustration, etc.
Origin. Classification by "origin" pertains to the source of the message; i.e., official, unofficial, authoritative, high military command, political party, etc.

FORMAT
Format is the arrangement of the various segments of a program. A fundamental principle in preparing scripts for broadcasting is to standardize as much as possible without losing flexibility. A standard or familiar manner of presentation identifies a program for the viewers, helping to gain a regular audience. The format for a series of programs is usually established before the first program is broadcast. Radio station personnel, when establishing the format, should bear in mind that they must adhere to the highest professional standards of script writing.

PROGRAM BUILDING
The essential factors of program building are:
Purpose. The writer's first concern is the purpose of the program. What is it to accomplish? Careful construction of the purpose statement of the program will aid in structuring the program and provide a measuring device to determine if the goals are being met.
A credible program requires extensive research. Thorough research of a subject uncovers and provides hidden color and details which add a note of authority to the narrator.
Testing. The script is not completed when the last page is written; the announcer (or actor) must read it a loud ( rehearse it) to determine how it sounds.

SCRIPT WRITING
Principles:
Aural medium. The special characteristic of radio is that it is entirely an aural medium. Radio depends entirely on the ear and must work completely on the image inspired by the sound waves coming from the speaker system.
The sound of a voice (or music) in a radio presentation raises a particular image in the listener's mind. Radio scripts must make clear to the listener the scene or idea desired by the psychological operator.
Power of suggestion. The mind of each listener is a vast storehouse of scenery. The radio writer, through speech, music, and other sounds, enables the listener to visualize each scene.
Freedom of movement. The radio scriptwriter can change scenes as frequently as desired. He can rapidly take his listeners from one event or point on earth (or in space) to another-its all in the mind.
Conflict. Conflict is the attention-getter in a radio script, gaining and increasing audience interest. Conflict is the hero against the villain, good versus evil, the struggle for survival, etc., with the psychological operator offering the solution by way of his script(s).

TECHNIQUES
The imaginative application of techniques is a way to success. The writer must be constantly alert for new ideas and be willing to experiment with variations of old established techniques. The techniques discussed below apply equally to the preparation of scripts for television and loudspeaker operations:
Simplicity. Use simple sentences and words commonly used by the target audience. However, sentence length should be varied to avoid a singsong or monotonous effect.
Conversational style. Write news in a popular, informal, relaxed style. The listener should not be aware that the news is being read to him.
Speech speed. The normal rate of speech will vary among announcers. The scriptwriter should time the rate of speech of each announcer in the language used and tailor the script to gain maximum impact in the allotted time.
Initial attention. As the listener may be running the risk of severe punishment for listening to a forbidden broadcast, the broadcast must gain instant attention. The initial part of the script should convince the listener that the program will be of interest to him . Therefore, the essential facts need to be in the first few sentences to gain interest and to insure that nothing of importance is lost if the program is jammed.
Pacing and timing. Pacing refers to the changes in quality, emotion, thought, or feeling written into the program by the scriptwriter. Timing is controlled by the director and is a shift in the speed of message delivery.
Tongue twisters. Avoid words that successively begin with the same sounds, such as "In providing proper provisional procedures ... " Avoid words ending in "ch," "sh," "th." These sounds generally produce a hissing noise.
Numbers. Round numbers off, unless the specific number is important. For example, 20 thousand may be used instead of 20,158. Large numbers should be written in the manner easiest to read: one billion 200 million 50 thousand instead of 1,200,050,000.
Unfamiliar names. Avoid beginning a news item with a name that is unfamiliar to the target audience. Introduce the names as "The chief of police, Mr. Jones ... "
Quotes. The listener cannot see quotation marks. By voice inflection, the announcer can make it clear when a quotation begins and ends. Other methods may be used to indicate a quotation:
In Smith's own words ...
To quote Smith ...
As Smith states ...
Punctuation. Ordinary punctuation marks are ignored in script writing. They can, however, be used as a guide for the announcer. For example, parentheses may be used to set off a phrase. Key words should be capitalized for emphasis. Phonetic spelling may be used to help the announcer with difficult words.
Profanity and horror. The announcer, speaking as a representative of his government and in keeping with the image of the serious, sincere spokesman, will not use profanity in his broadcasts. He will not use horrible descriptions of human suffering, although objective reports have a legitimate place in radio.
Abbreviations. Conventional abbreviations are seldom used. In script writing "Mister" is used instead of "Mr." Any abbreviations used must be familiar to the target audience.

MONITORING
Radio monitoring provides information to the PSYOP current intelligence team on:
The enemy's domestic and foreign propaganda programs.
The propaganda the enemy aims at his own military forces in the field.
Propaganda directed at our forces, and the necessary countermeasures which can and should be taken.
Radio monitoring also provides information for evaluating the effectiveness of US and allied PSYOP. The frequency band is scanned on a random basis to intercept other broadcasts of interest to the US and allied forces.
Operational rules require monitoring personnel to:
Be objective when giving the monitoring reports.
Be familiar with the names of persons and places likely to appear in the monitored broadcast.
Monitor only the station(s) to which assigned. Scan the frequency band only when directed.
-Record the identity of the monitored station, the date and time, and other relevant information pertaining to the monitored broadcast.
-Bring significant information to the attention of superiors immediately. Do not wait to make a scheduled report.
-Use phonetic spelling when in doubt as to the spelling of strange names and places.

WARNING : PSYOP is modern satanism with Government approval in the hands of dangerous people like LT.Col.Michael Aquino
(US intelligence-Temple of Set)

So we wanted to explain you what Psychological operations realy are from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Psy-Ops)
Psychological Operations (PSYOP[US] or PSYOPS[UK, GE, NATO]) are planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to specific foreign and (in certain countries) domestic audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. Sometimes combined with black operations or false flag tactics, the purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originator's objectives. As such, there must always be sufficient truth to be credible.
This concept has been used by military institutions throughout history, but it is only since the twentieth century that it has been accorded the organizational and professional status it enjoys now.

In the German Bundeswehr the Zentrum Operative Information and its subordinated Bataillon für Operative Information 950 are responsible for the PSYOPS efforts (in German called Operative Information). Both the center and the battalion are subordinate to the new Streitkräftebasis (Joint Services Support Command, SKB) and together consist of about 1,000 soldiers that specialise in modern communication and media technologies. One project of the German PSYOPS forces is the radio station Voice of the freedom which is used by thousands of Afghans, another are different newspapers and magazines published in Kosovo and Afghanistan.

United Kingdom

In the British Armed Forces, PSYOPS are handled by the tri-service 15 Psychological Operations Group.

United States

The purpose of United States psychological operations (PSYOP) is to induce or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to U.S. objectives. In the United States Department of Defense, Psychological Operations units exist in the Army and Air Force. The United States Navy also plans and executes limited PSYOP missions.
Unlike some countries, United States PSYOP units and soldiers of all branches of the military are prohibited by law from conducting PSYOP missions on domestic audiences. While PSYOP soldiers may offer non-PSYOP related support to domestic military missions, PSYOP can only target foreign audiences. Though, it is worth noting that this does not rule out PSYOP targeting foreign audiences of allied nations.
Within the U.S. Psychological Operations community, PSYOPS is generally considered to be an incorrect abbreviation. The correct abbreviation is PSYOP.

la padania 13 /10.....

Duro intervento in aula del senatore Leoni: «Alcuni politici si vergognano di dichiarare la nostra fede»
«Prodi tradisce il mondo cristiano»
giuseppe leoni
Roma - Inizio il mio discorso con la massima “Dare a Cesare quello che è di Cesare�, in riferimento alla mozione, tramite la quale proprio la Lega ha offerto al Parlamento la possibilità di pronunciarsi su un fatto molto rilevante nel mondo della politica. Tuttavia, l'ampia discussione che si è svolta, purtroppo, non arriva all'esterno del nostro mondo, visto che la Rai ha preferito non far sapere come ben pensano, chi sono e come si comportano nei confronti di Sua Santità i parlamentari.
Ciò che più mi preoccupa e che non dobbiamo dimenticare, assieme all'assurda e strumentale risposta del mondo islamico e le scuse pronte da parte della nostra Chiesa, è il fatto che abbiamo religiosi in giro per il mondo, che rischiano la vita in prima linea, come è avvenuto il giorno dopo per quella suora italiana in Africa.
Non dobbiamo dimenticare che i nostri martiri - la nostra gente - muoiono per un progetto di amore, mentre i martiri per l'Islam muoiono per poter portare morte in mezzo alle persone. È questa la grande differenza che c'è tra la nostra religione e le altre.
Il primo ministro, però, come cittadino e cristiano cattolico mi ha lasciato fortemente perplesso e preoccupato. È proprio su questo punto che voglio spendere i miei pochi minuti di intervento, pervenendo ad una riflessione che voglio svolgere ad alta voce.
È risaputo che il progetto massonico teorizza che il modo migliore per controllare socialmente e demograficamente l'umanità è la diffusione del vizio e dell'immoralità e la creazione di società multirazziali, con lo scopo preciso - c'è, infatti, uno scopo preciso - di rovesciare e distruggere il cristianesimo, unico punto di forza e testimone fondante della nostra società.
Non faccio il poliziotto di mestiere, ma mi riferiscono che il nostro presidente del Consiglio è un frequentatore assiduo di logge massoniche e che in una convention ad Aquisgrana, negli anni Ottanta, è stato investito di grande poteri e responsabilità. Non si può servire Dio e mammona in contemporanea.
Dicono anche che c'è una pratica di esoterismo e di magia, altra funzione fortemente criticata dal mondo cattolico. Mi interrogo sulla risposta del presidente del Consiglio nei confronti del Santo Padre: “Ma si faccia difendere dalle guardie svizzere�. In un clima di minaccia planetaria verso il Papa mi ha lasciato terrorizzato il disinteresse di una civiltà che il nostro Presidente - se questo mondo serve - spero vorrà abbattere. La logica l'ho trovata nel cognome del nostro presidente del Consiglio: prodi è l'imperativo del verbo prodeo e significa «esci fuori», ma anche «tradisci». Mi chiedo allora se vuole tradire il mondo che vuole rappresentare come cristiano. È questo che voglio capire perché il nostro Presidente, in nome della carica che ricopre, ha ricevuto l'ordine magari da quel mondo di cui continua a far parte.
Il nostro presidente del Consiglio quando ha ricevuto la confermazione e la cresima è diventato un soldato di Cristo e come tale non può delegare ad altri la sicurezza del Santo Padre; avrebbe quindi dovuto esprimersi in prima persona, impegnando in prima persona se stesso e anche il Governo e tutto il Paese che rappresenta. Forse però il detto «morto un Papa se ne fa un altro» giustifica come vanno le cose. Penso che il nostro compito sia quello di attivarci in tutti i modi per garantire a Benedetto XVI una lunga vita perché con i suoi insegnamenti possa illuminare le nostre menti oscurate in un momento di secolarizzazione della nostra società.
La droga che vive nel nostro mondo, come abbiamo avuto modo di apprendere in questi giorni dai giornali, sicuramente non è la massima espressione di tutti noi che rappresentiamo il Parlamento.
Cosa dire poi del rifiuto dell'Europa nell'inserire nella propria Carta costituzionale le radici cristiane? Il nome Benedetto, scelto dal cardinale Ratzinger è un messaggio preciso al popolo cristiano, perché san Benedetto fu il primo a raccogliere i resti dell'impero romano e a organizzare territorialmente la nascita di un'Europa con le fondamenta cristiane fino in fondo. Mentre adesso difendiamo l'operato, su iniziativa della Lega, del Pontefice, in altre situazioni politiche però ci siamo vergognati di dichiarare il nostro cristianesimo, com'è avvenuto nel momento della predisposizione della Costituzione europea.

• Excerpted with some modifications from: http://en.fgulen.com

Satan and Humanity

By Fethullah Gulen

http://www.islamonline.net/English/In_Dept...pic_02/03.SHTML

The jinn we know as Satan was created from fire. Before his obedience and sincerity were tested through Adam, he had been in the company of angels, acting and worshiping as they did. Unlike angels, however, who cannot rebel against God (At-Tahrim 66:6), Satan was free to choose his own path of conduct. When God tested him and the angels by commanding them to prostrate before Adam, the seeds of his self-conceit and disobedience blossomed and swallowed him. He replied in his vanity, (I am better than him. You created me from fire, whilst him you did create of clay) (Saad 38:76).

Why was Satan created? Satan was created for important purposes. If Satan, who continually tries to seduce us, did not exist, our creation would be meaningless and futile. God has innumerable servants who cannot rebel and thus do whatever they are told. In fact, the existence of an absolute Divine Being Who has many beautiful names and attributes requires, not because of some external necessity but because of the essential nature of His names, that His names be manifest.

God gave us free will so that we could know good from evil. In addition, He gave us great potentials. Our development of these potentials and our struggle to choose between good and evil make us experience a constant battle in our inner and outer worlds. Just as God sends hawks upon sparrows so that the latter will develop their potential to escape, He created Satan and allowed him to tempt us so that our resistance to temptation will raise us spiritually and strengthen our willpower. Just as hunger stimulates human beings and animals to further exertion and discovery of new ways to be satisfied, and fear inspires new defenses, Satan’s temptations cause us to develop our potentials and guard against sin.

There is an infinitely long line of spiritual evolution between the ranks of the greatest prophets and saints down to those of people like Pharaoh and Nimrod; therefore it cannot be claimed that the creation of Satan is evil. Although Satan is evil and serves various important purposes, God’s creation involves the whole universe and should be understood in relation to the results, not only with respect to the acts themselves. Whatever God does or creates is good and beautiful in itself or in its effects. For example, rain and fire are very useful but can cause great harm when abused; therefore, one cannot claim that the creation of water and fire is not totally good. It is the same with the creation of Satan. His main purpose is to cause us to develop our potential, strengthen our willpower by resisting his temptations, and then rise to higher spiritual ranks.

To the argument made by some that Satan leads many people to unbelief and subsequent punishment in Hell, I would reply with the following:

First, although Satan was created for many good, universal purposes, many people may be deceived by him. But Satan only whispers and suggests; he cannot force you to indulge in evil and sin. If you are so weak that his false promises deceive you and you allow yourself to be dragged down, you earn the punishment of Hell by misusing an important God-given faculty that enables you to develop your potential and raise to the highest rank. You must use your free will, which makes you human and gives you the highest position in creation, properly, and to further your intellectual and spiritual evolution. Otherwise, you must complain about being honored with free will and therefore about being human.

Second, as quality is much more important than quantity, we should consider qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, values when making our judgment. For example, 100 date seeds are worth only 100 cents if they are not planted. If only 20 out of 100 seeds grow into trees due to the other 80 being destroyed by too much water, can we argue that it is evil to plant and water the seeds? I think all of us can agree that it is wholly good to have 20 trees in exchange for 100 seeds, since 20 trees will produce 20,000 seeds.

Again, 100 peacock eggs may be worth a couple of dollars. But if only 20 eggs hatch and the rest do not, who will say that it is wrong to risk 80 eggs being spoiled in return for 20 peacocks? On the contrary, it is wholly good to have 20 peacocks at the expense of 80 eggs, for those 20 peacocks will lay even more eggs.

It is the same with humanity. By fighting Satan and their evil-commanding selves, many “worthless� people have been lost in exchange for thousands of prophets, millions of saints, and billions of men and women of wisdom and knowledge, sincerity and good morals. All of these people are the sun, moon, and stars of the human world.

In the last few hours Mehmet Ali AÄŸca (born January 9, 1958) the Turkish assassin who shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981 as declared from prison that he is the new Messiah, yes the new Jesus of the end of times.

This news arrives to us as no surprise in this never ending illuminati theatre.
Lets make it clear to everyone that Mehmet Ali AÄŸca went to visit the Scontrino Lodge in Sicily and Prince Alliata di Monreale ( my illustrius Mentor) the Puppet Master of LA ROSA DEI VENTI AND GLADIO before going to Rome to execute is
GLADIO PLANED MISSION :

KILLING JOHN PAUL II

The pope was just a illuminati puppet of this evil show that still goes on twenty years later...

WAKE UP TURKEY SATAN HIS VISITING YOUR HOLY LAND!

Mehmet Ali AÄŸca as also said yesterday to the Turkish Press that the Vatican is about to fall in the Abyss of chaos and destruction, and soon we will all face Armagedon , so these are indeed the end of times also for our dear PSYOP puppet AÄŸca!

Khaled Saifullah Khan will pray for these infedels,including our new MK-ULTRA brainwashed Jesus Mehmet Ali AÄŸca and that corrupt muslim called Erdogan , who recentely invited P2 illuminati Brother Silvio Berlusconi for his dauthers wedding. And the finance minister of Turkey as already joined the Bildeberg Mafia two years ago.

The Vatican illuminati and their Zionist brothers have already made their plans to use and abuse Turkey in the next few years as a troyan horse for the rest of the muslim world, and at the end of the day the city of Troy his in Turkey...what a coincidence.

And on top of all this Buyukanit as been nominated as new General in charge of the defence HQ's.
The problem is that General Buyukanit is a jewish Zionist and a Freemason close to the Vatican Neo illuminati and his Masters from Jerusalem.

So why are Turkish citizen falling into this New World Order trap and Erdogan submits willingly to Vatican Luciferian powers by meeitng the Nazi Pope Ratzinger ?

Well Turkey is desperate to join the European Union and enjoy the wealth and decadence of the western satanic powers under firm Vatican Jesuit Zionist control, and it seems to me that Turks are falling into this trap willingly , because of the level of satanic infiltration in their society and in the religious institution of their country, something that only one man in Turkey could eventualy stop and that man is Fethullah Gulen , a true master of his country who as to stand up now against satan before his country is completely under Vatican/Zionist control.

Last but not least the so called communist of the PKK (a bunch of dangerous CIA/MOSSAD puppets) have been used to scare away until recentely the foreign investors interested in Turkey. This evil plan is put in action so the illuminati sharks with the help of their Rotarian Masonic Network can buy everything cheap before joining officialy the EU and making the prices go up like crazy and make loads of money.

These meetings to decide the future of Turkey and the rest of the muslim world have already been made, and the most important ones have been the gathering of all the masonic Lodges connected to the CLIPSAS network on the 30th of October 2005 , the Rotary 100 years anniversary gathering with Comandante Giorgio Hugo Balestrieri in Ankara in April 2005 and last but not least the usual Bildeberg meeting of a couple of years ago.

To finalize the corruption of Erdogan , the Vatican Satan and the Italian illuminati slave State, had already sent 3 years ago their most loyal Opus Dei servant Fini from Alleanza Nazionale to Ankara with a message and a warning from illuminati Puppet and Puppet Master Sivio Berlusconi.

At that point they started brainwashing Erdogan with the following:
you have to distance yourself from all religious leaders including Fethullah Gulen otherwise you cant join Europe thats our main request coming from Vatican HQ's. And after a quile they started to insist on this point more and more, until they initiated Erdogan in the illuminati Lodges and they said to him, NOW YOU ARE ONE OF US AND WE ARE THE ONES RULING THE WORLD so the only chance to be a pat of Europe is to become a part of us the great Satan.

But our dear Brother Erdogan Prime Minister of Turkey is a simple village peasant and went on falling more and more into the hands of Satan like most people with his backround who are given important positions by the Puppet Masters of Nato, they finaly had another puppet for their evil games, another Neo illuminati under Vatican/Zionist control.

Well now you know the truth Turkey, its your turn to act against those people who are bringing pornography,drugs and weapons into your country to slowly make out of a great city like Instanbul another Babylon. Please dont fall for it my dear muslim Brothers and rebel before is to late and you are also trapped like the United States citizens in the Matrix of Satan.

Last but not least Mehmet Ali AÄŸca said that he was the guy who inspired Dan Brown for the Da Vinci Code and that he has written in prison a 100 pages book called THE VATICAN CODE.
Well what next?

Leo Lyon Zagami
now
Khaled Saifullah Khan

Dear Brothers and Sisters of this Forum ,

Im realy sorry first of all about my english (especialy on the Radio) , I heard some complains about it and I will practice for a better show , my mother a very English/Scottish Lady always tried to improve it but IM A ROMAN AT HEART and I prefer the accent of Ancient Rome that the one of posh Chelsea unfortunately, and I didnt get much of my Father's Sicilian (thats a pitty but we still have time).

I was born in the Gemelli Hospital in Rome (Pope's Hospital) on the 5th of March 1970 and I lived in Rome until I was 24 so my true language will always be italian , the official language of the Vatican illuminati by the way togheter with German and English.

Im not a conspiracy theorist or a corrupt PSYOP working against your interest to deceive you even further , Im a simply a person like you (not an alien ..) who was born in a particular circumstances and has a true believe in being a genuine Knight of God serving the peole not the Vatican!.
During my many years in the various organizzations rappresenting the illuminati and Freemasonry since 1993 I saw many things and I finaly rebelled to something, most people are even scared to mention let alone leave.

So Ive just been doing all this ILLUMINATI CONFESSIONS to protect the life of me and my familiy first of all before they will eventualy try to kill me.

And now I want to show you a reality that is very difficult to explain for me as Im not used to deal with non initiates or prophane individuals as we call you within our illuminati circles and Masonic Lodges . Thats why I was working at very high level, because my kind of knowledge is not for everyone in their eyes and probably most of you are not ready for it yet .But my intention is to finaly bring some concrete evidence to the outside world about the end of times, and the various secret actors and Societies of this insane play before 2012. This plan will help the true Messiah come forward to sort thing out once and for all and establish the real Kingdom of God.

You are free to believe what you want of my world , me I personaly believe in God and his Angels and thats about it , but i also know the legion of Satan very well and its about time to wake up and fight this great evil now completely taking control of the planet you are all living in , there are evil Jinns everywere but you are made blind by deception and you like to think you are free...poor poor innocent souls..

Dont waste your time with to much theory about this or this other Secret Society WE DONT HAVE TIME
and simply stand up and SAY:

I FINALY WANT JUSTICE IN THE WORLD AND I WANT IMMEDIATELY ALL EXISTING SECRET SOCIETIES TO DISCLOSE THEIR SECRETS NOW TO AN GLOBAL INVESTIGATIVE COMMISSION FOR A DETAILED AND COMPRENSIVE STUDY OF REAL HISTORY ( NOT THE FAIRY TALES WE GET AT SCHOOLS OR AT CORRUPT UNIVERSITIES AROUND THE WORLD ), THIS SO WE CAN FINALY HAVE A FREE PLANET AND A FREE UNITED NATIONS OF GOD NOT OF SATAN AFTER BRINGING THE EVIL BRETHERN TO JUSTICE.
AND IM READY TO DIE FOR THIS IDEAL AND YOU?

ARE YOU READY TO DIE FOR GOD AND YOUR BELIEVE IN A POSITIVE CHANGE FOR THE WORLD OR ARE YOU ALL A BUNCH OF COWARDS IN THE HANDS OF THE DEVIL , JUST TALKING AND TALKING WITH NO SENSE OF REALITY . MAYBE EVEN READY TO GO OUT AND GRAB A DVD OR GO TO THE CINEMA FOR MORE BRAINWASHING FROM MK-ULTRA NAZI HQ'S AFTER A GOOD CONSPIRACY CENTRAL EVENING.

Well lets just mention a couple of Prophecies:

"The trees will not bear the usual quantity of fruit,fisheries will become unproductive and the earth will not yield its usual abundance. Inclement weather and famine will come" ...(St.Columbcille d.AD 597)

" Now I see that God willl punish man with a severity that has not been used since the Flood". (Third Secret of Fatima 1917)

and the list goes on also in all the other religions...KALI YUGA LAST FAZE!

Its a difficult task but thats my aim as I am probably the last idealist in the illuminati , do you think that a guy like me will get out of the Monte Carlo Lodge of the P2 without a plan to fight these idiots...well you are very wrong indeed my dear friends.
We are used to Mind Control millions of people in the illuminati with no mercy for the people bellow, and thats done for the usual Jesuits and their Zionist friends, now instead I want to work for you out there, the poor and the innocent , who dont even immagine whats realy going on in the evil illuminati network around the world , this before we are all trapped by Satanic New World Order deception and lies.

In regards to the connections of each group involved in the NWO starting with the Rotary, then the Freemasons ending with the illuminati and the Knights of Malta I can simply say they are all in it for GLOBAL MANIPULATION and the sales of MORE WEAPONS , MORE DRUGS , AND GENERALY SPEAKING MORE DIABOLICAL NONSENSE FRON SATAN HIMSELF IN ORDER TO SELL MORE PRODUCTS WITH NO REAL VALUE IN THE EYES OF GOD.

From the muslim fundamentalist to the Scientology member THESE MOVES ARE ALL PILOTED BY THE VATICAN and their Knight of Malta.

So after saying all this Im also sorry to have sent on the Conspiracy Forums at the begining some of the material on my site in order to promote it and save my life , but I did it with good intentions so I hope you will forgive me one day for some Propaganda, after all that was my job at the Propaganda 2 HQ'S in Monte Carlo.

For all those satanist out there still involved with the New World Order, well Im not gonna give up until I personaly see you all burning in hell on judgement day when even Satan will let you down.

SALAM ALEIKUM

Leo Lyon Zagami now Khaled Saifullah Khan

The Conservative Party of South Africa, Konserwatiewe Party van Suid-Afrika in Afrikaans (that joined forces with another party of similar views, the Freedom Front, to form the Freedom Front + in 2003)
is the political front of the more Nazi inclined illuminati in South Africa secretly connected to guys like this http://www.exsequi.org.za/ who love very much their Nazi Brothers from the Norwegian Order of Freemasons. Freemasons in Johannesburg have also been secretely working to establish a illuminati right wing irregular Lodge Chartered by the usual not so "Regular Grand Lodge of England" to do their dirty Nazi work in South Africa. And the son of a senior member of the South African Freemasons and the Conservative Party of South Africa was actualy initiated by me last year at Rui Gabirro's Regular Grand Lodge of England HQ's as you can see in the group photo featured in my confession "London PSYOP Masonic Theatre in october 2005 e.v. with Bro.Rui Gabirro and Bro.Leo Lyon Zagami" . He is the only one wearing glasses on your right side of the screen , but I can't remember is name because we were intiating quite a few Brothers that day with the Duke of Cabinda and it got quite chaotic as it happens in these cirmcumstances , especialy with Rui around.

Toast for the visitor from Norway at Exsequi Lodge No. 8994
P.O. Box 46248
Orange Grove
District Johannesburg
Consecrated: 1981
Meetings: 4th Mon Feb, Apr, June, Aug, Oct, Nov
Meeting place:Freemasons' Hall 8 Park Lane, Parktown Johannesburg

Toast to you, our visitor from
Norway
A Toast to all our differences
A Toast to common ground
A Toast to what we're seeking
A Toast to what we've found
To what brings us together
To what sets us apart
A Toast to many different souls
United with one heart.

To our visitor from Norway hurrah!

Leo Lyon Zagami/Khaled Saifullah Khan

This is a 'famous quote from the Necronomicon'. Whether or not that tome really exists, I like this couplet beause it just sounds as sinister as 9/11...a big eternal lie of Global deception and manipulation supported by the Ordo Templi Orientis Satanist that in the last 48 hours have started to attack my web site. But I was prepared for all this and I would like to tell the so called illuminati that the honest Brothers and Sisters who follow my site dont fall for your kind of rubbish and know very well my story and your false accusations made to my persona in the past so let it be.
I cant keep erasing your rubbish so we can keep it as a witness to human ignorance and Satanist manipulation.

WE HAVE JUST INDENTIFIED THE SOURCE OF THIS SATANIC PROPAGANDA AND LIES POSTED AGAINST ME IN THE LAST 48 HOURS (CALLING HIMSELF SISMI) ITS THE SECRETARY OF THE ORDO TEMPLI ORIENTIS IN OSLO CALLED JOHN FAERSETH A DANGEROUS SATANIST WE HAVE ALREADY MENTIONED IN ONE OF PREVIOUS CONFESSIONS CONNECTED TO THE BURNING OF THE CHURCHES IN NORWAY SPONSORED BY THE US ILLUMINATI , AND SUPPORTED BY THE SMOM IN CHARGE OF GIVING THE SO CALLED NOBEL PEACE PRICE IN OSLO.

WE HAVE ALSO INDENTIFIED ANOTHER GUY CALLING HIMSELF Q IN THE LAST FEW MINUTES ITS THE INFAMOUS SATANIST NICHOLAJ FRISVOLD,
Rua dos Crovos 454 Jd.Dos Pinheiros
Atibaia SP Brazil Cep:12945-570

THE PHONE NUMBERS OF DR.NICHOLAJ FRISVOLD ARE
HOME 55(011) 4411-5143
CELL:55(011) 99604479

THE PHONE NUMBER OF JOHN FAERSETH IS +47 98808387

THE NORWEGIAN ELITE GIVING THE NOBEL PEACE PRICE IS IN THE HANDS OF THE VATICAN SATAN.

As Salam Aleikum to all these Black Magicians out there who love their sick Necronomicon.

Khaled Saifullah Khan

American Dictatorship
by Michael Haupt

A Dictatorship is form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations.

When Hitler was appointed in January 1933, Germany was a democracy. Germany had fair elections; nobody had their right to vote abused; there were numerous political parties to choose from at voting time. To pass a law, the Reichstag had to agree to it after a bill went through the normal processes of discussion and debate.

Hitler had promised a general election for March 1933. One week before the election was due to take place, the Reichstag building burned down. Hitler knew that if he was to convince President Hindenburg to give him emergency powers - as stated in the Weimar Constitution - he had to play on the old president's fear of communism. What better than to convince him that the communists were about to take over the nation by force?

Unsurprisingly, a convenient patsy, and known Communist supporter - Marianus van der Lubbe - was caught near the Reichstag building immediately after the fire started. Those that arrested him - Nazi officials - claimed that Lubbe confessed that the fire was a signal to other communists to start the revolution. Matches were allegedly found on van der Lubbe and those who arrested him claimed that he smelt of petrol.

Hmmm, how convenient.

Hitler asked Hindenburg to grant him emergency powers in view of the 'communist takeover'. Using the constitution, Hindenburg agreed to pass the Law for the Protection of the People and the State. In the months and years thereafter, Hitler steadily introduced law after law, which gradually turned Germany into a Dictatorship.

Exactly the same process commenced on September 11, 2001 in the USA, and concluded with the inclusion of law HR6166 into the American Constitution on the Sept 28, 2006.